Bone screw

ABSTRACT

A bone screw having a screw member possessing a threaded section and a head and a receiving part at the head end for receiving a rod to be connected to the bone screw is provided. The receiving part has on open first bore and a substantially U-shaped cross-section having two free legs provided with a thread. Furthermore, the receiving part has a second bore on the end opposite to the first bore whose diameter is greater than that of the threaded section and smaller than that of the head. On the bottom of the first bore a seat for the head is provided. In order that the screw member can be pivoted to at least one side by an enlarged angle, the edge bounding the free end of the second bore viewed relative to the axis of the first bore is of asymmetric construction.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/191,299, filed Jul. 26, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/319,427, filed Dec. 29, 2005, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/763,431, filed Jan. 22, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,409,260, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/037,698, filed Nov. 9, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,736,820, which claims the priority of German Patent Application No. 100 65 397.9, filed Dec. 27, 2000 and German Patent Application No. 100 55 888.7, filed Nov. 10, 2000 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a bone screw having a threaded section and a head and a receiving part at the head end for receiving a rod to be connected to the bone screw, the receiving part possessing an open first bore and a substantially U-shaped cross-section having two free legs provided with a thread and a second bore at the end opposite to the first bore, whose diameter is greater than that of the threaded section and smaller than that of the head and which forms the seat for the head, and a nut or screw working together with the thread.

Such a bone screw is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,176. In the known bone screw the head is of spherical segment-shaped construction. The bottom of the first bore adjacent to the second bore is likewise of spherical segment-shaped construction so that the spherical head lies on this spherical section. The plane going through the bounding edge is oriented at right angles to the axis of the first bore and the mid-point of the second bore coincides with the axis of the first bore. By this means it is achieved that the threaded section possessing the head is pivotable in a predetermined angle of generally up to 25° about the axis of the first bore so that even after screwing the threaded section into a vertebral segment orientation of the receiving part receiving a rod is possible. At the same time, the size of the pivot angle is limited to the extent that the second bore as a function of the diameter of the head must not exceed d certain size so that the head still has an adequate hold in the receiving part.

The use of such bone screws is something of a problem in the region of cervical vertebrae. In this case, due to the small dimensions of the cervical vertebrae, it is necessary that the screws must always be pivoted to one side and upwards, a greater degree of pivoting being necessary than is the case in the larger thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to provide a bone screw which permits a larger pivot angle. This task is solved by a bone screw having a screw member that possess a threaded section, a head and a receiving part at the head end for receiving a rod to be connected to the bone screw. The receiving part has an open first bore and a substantially U-shaped cross-section having two free legs provided with threads, a second bore at the end opposite the first bore having a diameter greater than the diameter of the threaded section and smaller than the diameter of the head, and a seat for the head and a nut or screw acting together with the thread. When viewed relative to the axis of the first bore, the edge bounding the free end of the second bore is asymmetrical.

Refinements of the invention are identified in the more detailed embodiments described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features and practical advantages of the invention emerge from the description of exemplified embodiments with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1 depicts a side elevation of a first embodiment of the invention, partly in sectional representation.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 depicts a side elevation, partly in sectional representation, of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a corresponding representation of a further embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The bone screw includes a screw member proper 1 having a threaded section 2 and a head 3. The head is formed in the shape of a segment of a sphere in the region adjoining the threaded section. Coaxial with the thread axis and on the end opposite to the threaded section 2 the head possesses a recess 4 for engagement with a socket screw key.

The bone screw further comprises a cylindrically constructed receiving part 5. At one end this has a first bore 6 of axially symmetrical construction. On the opposite end a second bore 7 is provided whose diameter is greater than that of the threaded section 2 and smaller than that of the head 3. On the end opposite to the second bore the first bore is open and its diameter is of such a size that that the screw member 1 can be guided through the open end by its threaded section 2 going through this bore and by the head going as far as the bottom of the first bore. The bottom of the first bore is constructed as a spherically shaped region towards the open end, the radius being substantially equal to the radius of the spherical segment-shaped section of the head 3. Furthermore, the receiving part 5 has a U-shaped recess 8 arranged symmetrically relative to the center of the part whose bottom is directed towards the second bore 7 and whose two side legs 13, 14 extend to the open end directed towards the first bore 6. At the free end of the legs 13, 14 a thread for engagement with a screw member constructed as a nut or screw is provided. The nut or screw serves to fix a rod to be inserted into the U-shaped recess 8, it being possible for the nut or screw to act on the rod directly or via a pressure member.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the direction of the arrow 9, whose direction lies in a plane going through the axis of symmetry of the first bore and which is inclined to the axis of symmetry by a predetermined angle, a circular countersink 10 is made in the edge between the opening plane 11 of the second bore and the edge 12—of the first bore.

In this manner, as can be seen in the figures, it is achieved that the angle between the axis of the screw member 1 and the axis of symmetry of the first bore is substantially enlarged by comparison with the angle otherwise attainable. At the same time the seat of the screw member 1 in the receiving part is retained.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the interior of the receiving part 5 is constructed as in the first embodiment. The opening plane 11, which bounds the second bore 7, in this embodiment is inclined at a predetermined angle α to the plane bounded by the second bore 7 so that the normal to this plane 11 and the axis of symmetry of the first bore 15 enclose the angle of inclination. In the case shown this angle α is 15° as an exemplified embodiment. In this version it is also achieved that the screw member 1 is pivotable in the direction shown by an angle to the axis of symmetry of the-first-bore which is substantially greater than the angle which is achievable in the usual mode of construction.

Both in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the countersink or chamfer is selected in such a way that in each case a small peripheral section still remains which still belongs to the spherical seat.

In a fourth embodiment which is not shown the mid-point of the second bore is constructed offset to the side to a small extent, for example by 0.5 mm, relative to the axis of symmetry of the first bore. This lateral offsetting in turn produces the result that the head is held in the mounting formed by the spherically constructed bottom but a greater pivot width is achieved in a side direction.

In the exemplified embodiments described above four different approaches to a solution are presented. It is also possible to combine the individual approaches with one another; that is, for example, to combine the solution according to the first and second exemplified embodiments or one of the two with the third and/or fourth exemplified embodiment, or even all four exemplified embodiments in order to achieve, in this way, a still greater possibility for pivoting in at least one direction.

In the exemplified embodiments described above the spherical bottom of the first bore 6 is constructed in each case as an integral component of the receiving part 5. In a modified embodiment, however, the spherical bottom can also be provided either in a mounting part introduced through the first bore 6 or in a mounting part introduced through the second bore 7. The invention is then used in a corresponding manner to the end that the receiving part together with the insert piece is regarded as one member and the measures described above are taken on this piece assembled in this way.

The members forming the bone screw are preferably made of titanium.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 the edge bounding the free end of the second bore viewed relative to the axis of the first bore is of symmetrical construction. The asymmetry is achieved in that the screw 1 has a recess or countersink 16 on its neck engaging on the sphere or the spherical segment so that in the manner shown in FIG. 4 as in the exemplified embodiments previously described the enlarged pivot angle can be achieved. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A bone fixation assembly comprising: a coupling element for coupling a rod to the bone fixation assembly, the coupling element having an upper end and a lower end and defining a first bore coaxial with a first longitudinal axis and a second bore communicating with the first bore, said coupling element having a U-shaped opening that extends from the upper end toward the lower end, and wherein the U-shaped opening is configured to receive the rod; and an anchoring element having a first end for insertion into bone and a second end positionable within the second bore and configured to engage a seat of the coupling element, wherein the anchoring element, when engaging the seat of the coupling element, is movable relative to the seat of the coupling element in at least a first direction at a first angle relative to the first longitudinal axis and in at least a second direction at a second angle relative to the first longitudinal axis, the second angle being greater than the first angle.
 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said first bore extends from said upper end toward said lower end and said second bore extends from said lower end toward said upper end.
 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said anchoring element is configured to project from said lower end of said coupling element.
 4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said seat is adjacent said lower end of said coupling element.
 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said anchoring element has a head having a substantially spherical underside adapted to engage said seat.
 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein said seat has a substantially concave surface adapted to engage the spherical underside of said head.
 7. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a locking element engageable with said coupling element for locking the position of said coupling element with respect to said anchoring element.
 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein said locking element urges a stabilizing rod toward said lower end of said coupling element which in turn forces said second end of said anchoring element against said seat for locking said coupling element and said anchoring element from further movement relative to one another.
 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said seat is defined by an interior wall of said coupling element.
 10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said coupling element has an exterior surface extending around the U-shaped opening, and wherein said coupling element has cuts on said exterior surface for minimizing a width of said coupling element.
 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said anchoring element is a screw fastener having screw threads extending from said first end toward said second end.
 12. A bone fixation assembly comprising: a coupling element for coupling a rod to the bone fixation assembly, the coupling element having an upper end and a lower end, and defining a first bore coaxial with a first longitudinal axis, a second bore communicating with the first bore, and a U-shaped opening that extends from the upper end toward the lower end for receiving the rod; and an anchoring element having a first end for insertion into bone and a second end positionable within the second bore and configured to engage a seat of the coupling element, such that respective engaging surfaces of the anchoring element and the seat are rotatable and tiltable relative to one another; wherein the anchoring element is movable relative to the coupling element in at least a first direction at a first angle relative to the first longitudinal axis and in at least a second direction at a second angle relative to the first longitudinal axis, the second angle being greater than the first angle.
 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said first bore extends from said upper end toward said lower end and said second bore extends from said lower end toward said upper end.
 14. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said anchoring element is configured to project from said lower end of said coupling element.
 15. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said seat is adjacent said lower end of said coupling element.
 16. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said anchoring element has a head having a substantially spherical underside adapted to engage said seat.
 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein said seat has a substantially concave surface adapted to engage the spherical underside of said head.
 18. The assembly of claim 12, further comprising a locking element engageable with said coupling element for locking the position of said coupling element with respect to said anchoring element.
 19. The assembly of claim 18, wherein said locking element urges a stabilizing rod toward said lower end of said coupling element which in turn forces said second end of said anchoring element against said seat for locking said coupling element and said anchoring element from further movement relative to one another.
 20. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said seat is defined by an interior wall of said coupling element.
 21. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said coupling element has an exterior surface extending around the U-shaped opening, and wherein said coupling element has cuts on said exterior surface for minimizing a width of said coupling element.
 22. The assembly of claim 12, wherein said anchoring element is a screw fastener having screw threads extending from said first end toward said second end. 